The Spiritual Teachings of Anna Kingsford and Edward Maitland

The core spiritual teachings are to be found in The Perfect Way or the Finding of Christ, being nine lectures (plus appendices) given by Anna in London in 1881.(There have been various editions of this work, and the one before me is the 7th ed. published by Sun Books, Santa Fe in 1996.)Anna had many "illuminations" or visitations by spiritual teachers in her dreams, and wrote them down with the assistance of Edward.

The aim of their book is to recover the mystic and esoteric truths of Christianity.The authors see that all religions have a common core of mystic teachings which provide the ever fresh flowing  waters of spiritual life.The Church has long lost touch with the spiritual truths that lie in the soul and spirit and not in history or outward forms.Truth is not to be found in that which perishes, but only in that which is eternal.

The authors state: "Our appeal is to those who, having attained their intellectual and spiritual majority, have put away childish things."(p.ix) These people cannot accept the "crude, coarse fare dealt out to the multitude" by the Church.(p.viii) The authors want no less than to restore the lost esoteric traditions of Christianity.

Summary of Lectures

Lecture 1:Introductory

The fourfold nature of man differentiates him from all other creatures ["man" is used to denote the human being].From without inward in man, there is the material body, the astral body, the soul or individual, and the spiritual or divine life of his system.

The Hebrew scriptures express the fourfold nature of man "being symbolised by the four rivers of Eden - or human nature - flowing from one source, which is God."(p.5)The point is made that there are four interpretations of all mystical scriptures: the natural, the intellectual, the ethical and the spiritual.[This is very similar to the fourfold exegesis of the Middle Ages, which has been overly neglected.]

The soul is the mediator between the outer and the inner, between the material and the spiritual."True, the man cannot see God.But the Divine in man sees God" when the soul unites with God.(p.9)

The sages of ancient times knew about Evolution, which is "the development of the consciousness from inorganic combinations upward to God."(p.19)Soul is the agent and Mind the efficient cause of all progress.

"Religion is not a thing of the past, or of any one age, but is an ever-present, ever-occurring actuality."(p.25) A symbolic reading of the Bible elucidtaes the spiritual truths, and this was known by the Church Fathers.(p.27) Our authors advocate the study of all sacred books, because truth is universal.

The first lecture concludes with a quotation from the German mystic Angelus Silesius (Scheffler):

"Though Christ a thousand times in Bethlehem be born,
But not within thyself, thy soul will be forlorn:
The cross of Golgotha thou lookest to in vain,
Unless within thyself it be set up again."

Lecture 2:The Soul and the substance of existence

The first Creation is when Divine Substance is projected into Matter and thus becomes limited. The second Creation returns Soul from Matter, which "is called Redemption, and in it the Creator finds his recognition and glorification, and man his perfection and perpetuation."(p.41) This process can also be described as the involution of soul into matter and its evolution out of matter.

The soul is eternal and "passes from one form to another until, in its highest stage, it polarises sufficiently to receive spirit."(p.44)If the body is likened to a lamp, then the oil is the soul and the flame is the Divine Spirit.The body contains the soul, and in turn the soul nourishes the Divine Spirit.

"As Living Substance, God is One.As Life and Substance, God is Twain.HE is the Life, and SHE is the Substance.And to speak of HER , is to speak of Woman in her supremest mode."She is not nature, matter or space, but "She underlies that whereof all things are made; and, like life and mind, is interior, mystical, spiritual, and discernible only when manifested in operation.""In the Unmanifested, She is the Great Deep, or Ocean..., the heavenly Sophia, or Wisdom..., and who is, Herself, the substance of all souls."(p.54)

"If it be asked whether God can indeed find such expression in man, and, if so, how so great a marvel comes about, we reply that it is precisely the purpose of these lectures to afford demonstration on both points...For that object is - as was the object of all sacred mysteries, whether of our Bible or other - to enable man anew so to develop the Soul, or Essential Woman, within him, as to become, through Her, a perfect reflection of the universal Soul, and made, therefore, in what, mystically, is called the image of God."(p.60)

"The soul's history is written in the stars; and the heavens are her chroniclers, and tell the glory at once of her and of God.A Bible is always a hieroglyph of the soul.And the Zodiac is simply the first and most stupendous of Bibles."(p.62)

Lecture 3:The various orders of spirits and how to discern them

This lecture deals mainly with the negative entities that dwell on the astral plane.(Much has been written about them and the astral plane in Theosophy, e.g. Charles Leadbeater, and in other occult writings.)The "astrals" reflect the evil that is in men, and thus they promote negative behaviour and false teachings.The various elemental spirits are mentioned.

The authors make a point which is still relevant today: "That modern form of the cultus of what is called 'Free Love,' which sets forth, not the human, but the female, body as the temple of God, and with this couples the doctrine of 'counterpartal angels,' is entirely of astral contrivance." (p.80)

Superior to and different from the astrals are the genii, daemons or guardian angels.They provide a "bond of union between man and God."(p.86) "The genius of a man is this satellite.Man is a planet.God - the God of the man - is its sun.And the moon of this planet is Isis, its initiator, angel or genius."(p.86)

Lecture 4:The Atonement

"The popular and corrupt view of the doctrine of the Atonement" is a blatant example of materialism in "things religious".(p.93)The shedding of blood is a primitive practice which attracts beings from the lower astral plane.It is no more than mere sorcery. Blood sacrifice is not a part of true religion."The true meaning of the word 'atonement' is reconciliation, rather than 'propitiation'.For Heaven cannot be propitiated save by at-one-ment."(.p.103)

The Crucifixion has a fourfold meaning:

i.In the natural sense it typifies the Crucifixion of the Man of God by the world.
ii.In the intellectual and philosophical sense it typifies the Crucifixion in man of the lower nature.
iii.In the personal and sacrificial sense it symbolises the Passion and Oblation of the Redeemer.
iv.In the celestial and creative sense it represents the Oblation of God for the Universe. (p.106)

"Christ Jesus is no other than the hidden true man of the Spirit, the Perfect Humanity, the express Image of the Divine Glory.And it is possible to man , by the renunciation - which mystically is the crucifixion - of his outer and lower self, to rise wholly into his inner and higher self, and, becoming suffused or anointed of the Spirit, to 'put on Christ,' propitiate God , and redeem the earthly and material."(p.111)

"For, such of us as know and live the inner life, are saved, not by any Cross on Calvary eighteen hundred years ago, not by any physical blood-shedding, not by any vicarious passion of tears and scourge and spear; but by the Christ-Jesus, the God with us, the Immanuel of the heart, born, working mighty works, and offering oblation in our own lives, in our own persons, redeeming us from the world, and making us sons of God and heirs of everlasting life."(p.113)

Lecture 5:The nature and constitution of the ego

"We come to speak of the substantial ego, the soul or Psyche, the superior human reason, the nucleus, of the human system." "Thus is Psyche at once the 'living mother' and 'mother of the living.' And she is from the Beginning latent and diffused in all matter.She is the unmanifest, by the Divine Will made manifest; the invisible, by energy made visible."(p.119)

"Life is the elaboration of soul through the varied transformation of matter.""Spirit is the first principle, and is abstract.Soul is the derivative, and is therefore concrete.Spirit is thus the primary Adam; and Soul is Eve, the 'woman' taken out of the soul of the 'man.'"(p121) Our authors here give a concise explanation of Adam and Eve, leaving no room for the literal and sexist interpretations that have plagued us for centuries.(Further elucidation is given in Lecture 6.)

The Father is Deity unmanifest, therefore it is said "No man hath seen the Father at any time." The Son is Deity in manifestation, therefore it is said "He that hath seen the Son hath seen the Father also."(p.125) Only like can know like, therefore only the deity within can know the Deity without.

We must know about earthly things before we can know about heavenly things.To reach the King's chamber we must pass through the outer rooms and galleries of the palace. (p.128)The biologists mistakenly seek unity in the simple rather than in the complex."Psyche is the most complex of extracts." "She is the summit of evolution."(p.132)

Lecture 6:The Fall (no.I)

The authors stress the importance of allegorical or symbolic interpretation of Scripture, as acknowledged by the Church Fathers in the second century. (p.149)The parables or myths of the Bible originated with unknown sages in ancient times. (p.151)

There is a fourfold interpretation of Adam and Eve and the Fall (based on the fourfold nature of man in esoteric thought):

i.Physical

Adam represents the bodily or sensuous nature, Eve the psychic nature or soul, in the human being.In the Garden of Eden (=the Golden Age) before the Fall the sense nature was subordinate to the soul.Eve, the soul, is taken from the sleeping Adam, because she is revealed when the body is transcended.The soul has two aspects, the earthly and the heavenly, indicated by two serpents, the serpent of the dust or the tempter, and the serpent of Divine wisdom, or Sophia.The lower aspect tempts the soul into relinquishing her high estate, and she becomes imprisoned in the sensuous nature."Thence ensures the ruin of the Edenic order.The soul is subject to the body, intuition to sense, the inner to the outer, the higher to the lower."(p.158)

ii.Philosophical or intellectual

"...on this plane the man is the mind or rational intellect, out of which is evolved the woman, the affection or heart; the Tree of Knowledge represents maya or illusion; the serpent, the will of the body; the Tree of Life, the Divine gnosis or interior knowledge; and the sin which brings ruin on mankind, idolatry."(p.160)

In this aspect of the Fall religion declines from the celestial to the astral."Idolatry is the adoration of the shadow instead of the substance."(p.160) The heart is entangled in illusion and drags down the mind.Man saw that he was "naked", that is, no longer 'clothed' in the glory of celestial grandeur, but vulnerable and exposed to the lower nature.He has lost the "Kingdom, the Power and the Glory."

iii.Ethical and psychic

This interpretation has a dual character, affecting the Church and the individual."The man represents the human reason; the woman, faith, or the religious conscience; the serpent, the lower nature; the Tree of Knowledge, the kingdom of this world; and the Tree of Life the kingdom of God."(p.161) The religious conscience falls when she listens to the lower nature and defiles herself with the ambitions, vanities, and falsehoods of the kingdom of this present world.She then leads reason astray.The Church also falls when it becomes entangled in worldly vanities, falsehoods and superstitions..

iv.Spiritual and creative

This interpretation concerns the projection of Spirit into Matter.Adam is manifestation; Eve is the circle of conditional life; the Tree of Knowledge becomes motion or the Kalpa; The Tree of Life is rest, the Sabbath, the Nirvana; the Serpent - no longer of the lower but of the higher sphere - is the celestial Serpent or Seraph of heavenly Counsel.(p.164)

"For now the whole signification of the myth is changed, and the act of Arche, the Woman, is the Divine act of Creation."(p.164) "Adam signifies the Red, hence the Blood; and in blood, Substance becomes incarnate and takes form as Nature or Isis, which is but another rendering of the affirmative EST.[EST gives Hestia the goddess of the Temple-fire, and also Esther and Easter.]Hence Nature, the incarnate Arche, is said to be born from the side of Adam, Manifestation by blood.'Blood', says Eliphas Levi, 'is the first incarnation of the Universal Fluid; it is the materialised vital Light.It lives only by perpetually transforming itself, for it is the universal Proteus, the great Arcanum of Life.'"(p.165).

Summary of the four interpretations:
 
 
INTERPRETATION ADAM EVE SERPENT TREE OF KNOWLEDGE TREE OF LIFE
Physical Body Soul Lower reason Fire of Heaven Eternal life
Philosophical Mind Heart Will of body Illusion Divine gnosis
Ethical Reason Faith Lower nature Kingdom of this world Kingdom of God
Spiritual Manifestation Circle of life Celestial serpent Motion Rest

 

7.The Fall (no.II)

"In the Divine Mind, there is no past, in the Divine economy, no future.God is I AM, and always IS.The term Jehovah combines in one word the tenses past, present, and future of the verb I AM.Scripture is a record of that which is always taking place.Thus, the Spirit of God, which is original Life, is always moving upon the face of the waters, or heavenly deep, which is original Substance.

"And the One, which consists of these two, is always putting forth alike the Macrocosm of the universe and the Microcosm of the individual, and is always making man in the image of God, and placing him in a garden of innocence and perfection, the garden of his own unsophisticated nature.

"And man is always falling away from that image and quitting that garden for the wilderness of sin, being tempted by the serpent of sense, his own lower element.And from this condition and its consequences he is always being redeemed by the blood of the sacrifice always being made for him by the Christ Jesus, who is Son at once of God and of man, and is always being born of a pure virgin;-dying, rising, and ascending into heaven."(p.176)

Man only realises his true manhood through woman or the soul.Man falls by means of soul, but also rises through soul.Matter is not evil in itself, but soul becomes limited when it falls into Matter.The soul does not lose any portion of the Divine Substance in the fall, it only does so if man rejects God.(p.183)

Man is free either to move towards God or away from God.It is only through the soul that man learns the Divine will, and learning it, he is saved."While there is life in her [the soul] there is hope for him.But only through a return to purity.For only when she has regained her 'virginity' and become 'immaculate,' can the Christ - his saviour - be born of her."(p.184)

The full significance of the parable of the Fall, and the unity of the mystic Scriptures, become apparent in the Book of Revelation."For it is there that the doctrine of the Woman receives its crowning recognition as the foundation of that true Christianity which whose persistent suppressors of the woman - the world's materialising presthoods - have so nearly extinguished." (p.185)

When the fallen soul has become purified and virgin, she is ready to marry the Divine Spirit, and she gives birth to the Christ, the image of God in man, who redeems man and gives him eternal life."For in him the man becomes transmuted from Spirit into Matter."(p.188)

"This triumphant consummation of the soul's course is thus celebrated in the Apocalypse.'I beheld,' says the seer, 'a great wonder in heaven: a woman clothed in the sun, having the moon under her feet, and on her head a crown of twelve stars."[Rev.12:1]The soul has the light of supreme knowledge, gained through many experiences."Standing on the moon as victor over materiality."The stars represent the 'twelve labours' endured on the path to perfection.(p.188)

The offspring of the woman or soul is the 'man-child.'"Faith and holy longing are feminine, and of themselves insufficient.They must be supplemented by works - which are masculine - in order to win acceptance in God's sight.'For the man is not without the woman, nor the woman without the man, in the Lord.'"(p.189)

A striking example of symbolism is found in the "woman clothed with the sun."At midnight on the 25 December, in this period, Virgo was rising, i.e. on the eastern horizon.The first decan or ten degrees of Virgo are ruled by the sun (in Chaldean astrology).The next sign is Libra, and its first decan is ruled by the moon, hence at the "feet" of the woman.Of course, in a number of traditions the sun was "reborn" at the winter solstice."The sign Python or Typhon, the Dragon of the Tree of the Hesperides, rises after her, pursuing her, and aiming his fangs at her heel." (p.167). The dragon also stands for the forces of materialism that pose a threat to the new born spiritual nature.The symbolism discussed here is an excellent example of how man's spiritual development is reflected in the heavenly bodies.

"All the mistakes made in Biblical interpretation come of referring statements of which the intention is spiritual and mystical, implying principles or states, to times, persons or places." (p.192)"Sacerdotalism has always claimed for the Church the distinction of being the mystical woman through whose exaltation redemption occurs.But it has never recognised the Church as also the woman through whose fall comes the need for redemption."(p.192) It has erroneously transferred the blame for the fall onto human women.(p.192)Babylon is the soul when it is entrapped in matter, and it is degraded because it has lost touch with all spirituality.

"The truth is, that the world fell because the Church fell.And the Church, or collective soul of Humanity, fell, as does the individual soul, by looking less and less upward to God, and more and more downward to Matter."(p.202)

Lecture 8: The Redemption

The essence of the fall is the removal of the will from the soul to the body.The Redemption is the transfer of the will away from the body to the soul and the Spirit.When body, soul and Spirit form a harmonious system under the central Will, this is the Atonement.It is an interior process and cannot be performed externally by another. The Redemption is a series of acts.When the individual surrenders his exterior will, with its material desires and affections, this is the Passion. The Crucifixion is the complete surrender of the "old Adam" of his former self.Then occurs the Death and Burial of the self thus renounced."And these are followed by the Resurrection and Ascension of the true immortal Man and new spiritual Adam...he takes his seat forever 'at the right hand of the Father.'"(p.213)

It is just materialism to think that a corpse can come back to life."A soul can always obtain for itself a new body."(p.214) The "ressurection body" is the spiritual "body," which was seemingly dead when the soul was immersed in matter.Paul says:"There are celestial bodies and there are terrestial bodies." (1Cor.15:40) It is the celestial body which is raised.

"'Christ,' then, is primarily not a person, but a principle, a process, a system of life and thought, by the observance of which man becomes purified from Matter and transmitted into Spirit."(p.217) As the "connecting link between the creature and God, the Christ truly represents the door or gate through which all ascending souls must pass to union with the Divine; and save through which 'no man cometh unto the Father.'"(p218) Our authors point out that "To attain to the perfection of the Christ...though open to potentially to all,-is, actually and in the present, open, if to any, but to few."(p.219)

The recognition of the divine idea of humanity will consist in what are called the 'Second Advent and millennial reign of Christ.'"Of that advent - although described as resembling the coming of a thief in the night - the approach will not be unheeded.For, even in the darkest of spiritual nights, there are always on the alert some who, as faithfull shepherds, keep constant watch over the flocks of their own pure hearts, and who, 'living the life, know of the doctrine.'

"And these, 'dwelling by the well of clear vision,' and 'discerning the signs of the times,' perceive already the mustering of the heavenly hosts, and the bright streamers of dawning of the long wished-for better Day."(p.254)

Lecture 9: God as the Lord; or, the Divine Image

All sacred books have two apparently antagonistic conceptions of God.One side says God is external, universal, diffused, unformulated, indefinable, inaccessible, and beyond perception.The other says God is near, particular, definite, formulated, personified, discernible and readily accessible. There are recorded instances of actual visions of God, for example of Hebrew prophets such as Isaiah, Ezekiel, Daniel, Moses and the elders of Israel.The two concepts of God can be understood when it is realised that man has to develop the Divine within himself in order to see God. "The Lord is God manifested is substance, and is dual in form because Deity, one in essence, and statically, is twofold in operation, or dynamically."(p.258)

"In terms employed to denote Deity, both sexes are expressed or implied; and where one sex only is designated, it is not because the other is wanting, but because it is latent."(p.259)"Man attains to the Image of God in proportion as he comprehends the nature of God."(p.259)

"Mystery" has been grossly misunderstood."Mystery means only that which appertains to a region of which the external sense and reason are unable to take cognisance.It is, thus, the doctrine of Spirit and of the experiences connected therewith."(p.260) "The Churches abandoned the true definition of Mystery which referred it to things transcending the outer sense and reason, and adopted a definition implying something contradictory of all sense and reason."(p.261)The Churches  "lost the cognition of Spirit, and suppressed the faculty whereby alone it could be attained." (p.261)

Humanity is made in God's Image, male and female."In denying her true place to the woman in his scheme of society, Paul denies to the Lord his due manifestation on earth, and exalts for worship some image other than the divine."(p.274) Like Paul, both Plato and Philo Judaeus (influences on the philosophy of Christianity) "failed to recognise the dualism of the Divine nature"(p.275) and promoted sexist doctrines.The Fathers of the Church ,"step-fathers, rather," deprecated woman, as did the hierarchy down through the centuries.True Christianity will only be realised when the divine role of woman is recognised.

"Whenever creation - or manifestation by generation - occurs, God the Father co-operates with God the Mother - as Force moving in Substance - and produces the Utterance, Word, Logos or Adonai - at once God and the Expression of God."(p.290)The "most stupendous fact of mystical experience " is the Vision of Adonai.This  vision proves that God, as the Lord, is present in each individual, ever operating to build him up in the Divine Image, and succeeding so far as the individual  co-operates with God and makes the Divine Will his own. (p.293)

"For, finding Adonai, the soul is content; the summit and centre of Being is reached; all ideals of Truth, Goodness, Beauty, and Power are realised; there is no Beyond to which to aspire.For all is Adonai; since in Adonai dwells the infinite sea of Power and Wisdom which is God.And all of God which can be revealed, all that the soul can grasp, be her powers expanded as they may, is revealed in Adonai."(p.195)

"...divine truth is an eternal verity in perpetual process of realisation by the individual soul, and the words Now  and Within [are ] the keys to all sacred mysteries..."(p.298) This lecture is concluded with the Credo of the Elect, which enscapulates the truth of hermetic or esoteric Christianity:

"I believe in one God, the Father and Mother Almighty; of whose Substance are the generations of Heaven and of Earth; and in Christ-Jesus the Son of God, our Lord; who is conceived of the Holy Ghost; born of the Virgin Mary [the purified soul]; suffereth under the rulers of this world; is crucified, dead, and buried [in matter]; who descendeth into Hell [the unredeemed world]; who riseth again from the dead; who ascendeth into Heaven, and sitteth at the right hand of God; by whose law the quick and the dead are judged.I believe in the Seven Spirits of God; the Kingdom of Heaven; the communion of the Elect; the passing-through of Souls; the redemption of the Body; the Life everlasting; and the Amen."

Some Appendices of The Perfect Way

No.III CONCERNING PROPHESYING

1. You ask the method and nature of Inspiration, and the means whereby God revealeth the Truth.
2. Know that there is no enlightenment from without; the secret of things is revealed from within.
3. From without cometh no Divine Revelation; but the Spirit within beareth witness.
4. Think not that I tell you that which you know not; for except you know it, it cannot be given you.
5. To him that hath it is given, and he hath the more abundantly.
6. None is a prophet save he that knoweth ; the Instructor of the people is a man of many lives.
7. Inborn knowledge and the perception of things, these are the sources of Revelation: the Soul of the man instructeth him, having already learned by experience.

8. Intuition is Inborn Experience; that which the Soul knoweth of old and of former years.
9.And Illumination is the Light of Wisdom, whereby a man perceiveth heavenly secrets.
10. Which Light is the Spirit of God within the man, showing unto him the things of God.
11.Think not that I tell you anything you know not; all cometh from within; the Spirit that informeth is the Spirit of God in the prophet.

No.XI CONCERNING THE MYSTERIES

"It is necessary , in relation to the mysteries, to distinguiah between the unmanifest and the manifest, and between the macrocosm and the microcosm.These last, however, are indentical, in that the process of the universal and the process of the individual are one.

"Mary is the soul, and as such the matrix of the divine principle -God- made man by individuation, through descent into the 'virgin's womb'.But the seven principles of universal spirit are concerned in this conception; since it is through their operation in the soul that she becomes capable of polarising divinity.

"[This is the secret aspect of the Mosaic week of creation, each day of which week denotes the operation of one of the seven creative Elohim or divine potencies concerned in the elaboration of the spiritual microcosm.]"

"It is said that the blessed virgin Mary is the daughter, spouse, and mother of God.But, inasmuch as spiritual energy has two conditions, one of passivity and one of activity, - which latter is styled the Holy Spirit, - it is said that Mary's spouse is not the Father , but the Holy Ghost, these terms implying respectively the static and the dynamic modes of Deity.For the Father denotes the motionless, the force passive and potential, in whom all things are - subjectively.But the Holy Ghost represents will in action, - creative energy, motion and generative function.Of this union of the divine will in action - the Holy Ghost - with the human soul, the product is Christ, the God-Man, and our Lord.And through Christ, the divine spirit, by whom he is begotten, flows and operates.

"In the Trinity of the Unmanifest, the Great Deep, or Ocean of Infinitude - Sophia (Wisdom) - corresponds to Mary, and has for spouse the creative energy of whom is begotten the manifestor,Adonai, the Lord.This 'Mother' is co-equal with the Father, being primary and eternal.In manifestation the Mother is derived, being born of Time (Anna) and has for Father the Planet-God, - for our planet Iacchos (Joachim);* so that the paternity of the first of the Trinity is vicarious only.

"The church therefore, being a church of the manifest, deals with Mary (substance), under this apsect alone, and hence does not specify her as co-equal with the First Principle.In the unmanifest, being underived, she has no relation to Time.

*"And also Jacob, as in Ps.xxiv. 6, cxxxii. 2, 5. etc., where he is specially invoked as the God of Might.The name is applied equally to the Planet-God and to his elect people."

Some references

Archiati, Pietro From Christianity to Christ: Christianity as the essence of Rudolf Steiner's science of the spirit London:Temple Lodge,1996
Besant, Annie Esoteric Christianity London:The Theosophical Publishing Society,1901
Fohr, S.D. Adam and Eve: the Spritual Symbolism of Genesis and Exodus Lanham MD:University Press of America,1986
Kingsford, Anna Clothed With the Sun: being the book of the illuminations of Anna (Bonus) Kingsford 3rd ed. Santa Fe:Sun Books,1993
---------The Credo of Christendom Kila, MT:Kessinger Publishing, 199- (reprint of 1916 ed.)
--------- & Edward Maitland The Perfect Way or the finding of Christ 7th ed. Santa Fe:Sun Books, 1996
Kuhn, Alvin Boyd The Lost Light: an interpretation of ancient scripturesKila,MT:Kessinger Publishing, 1997
McCaffery, Ellen Conroy An Astrological Key to Biblical Symbolism Wellingborough, Northamptonshire:Thorsons Publishers Limited, 1975
Steiner, Rudolf Christianity as Mystical Fact Hudson,N.Y.:Anthroposophic Press, 1997